Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke?

Smoking and alcohol intake are significant risk factors for stroke due to their impact on cardiovascular health. Smoking contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the buildup of plaque, which can lead to blood clots. Alcohol consumption, particularly when excessive, can raise blood pressure and contribute to atrial fibrillation, an irregular heart rhythm that increases the risk of stroke. Both smoking and alcohol have adverse effects on vascular health and are associated with the likelihood of experiencing a stroke.

In contrast, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and low blood pressure are generally protective factors against stroke. Regular exercise helps improve cardiovascular fitness, reduces blood pressure, and lowers the risk of obesity, all of which contribute to better overall vascular health. A balanced diet promotes the intake of essential nutrients and helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels, while low blood pressure is typically associated with a lower risk of stroke. These lifestyle factors are crucial in preventing the conditions that can lead to a stroke.