Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

Obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes as it is closely linked to insulin resistance. When a person has excess body fat, particularly in the abdominal area, it can lead to changes in how the body processes insulin and glucose. This excess fat can cause the body's cells to become less sensitive to insulin, which is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. As a result, the pancreas has to produce more insulin to keep blood glucose levels in check, which can eventually exhaust the pancreatic beta cells and lead to type 2 diabetes.

In contrast, regular exercise is generally associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes because it helps maintain a healthy weight, improves insulin sensitivity, and assists with glucose metabolism. High sugar intake can be one component of an unhealthy diet, but it is more about the overall dietary pattern and lifestyle choices rather than a direct risk factor on its own. An allergy to insulin is not a common concern relevant to type 2 diabetes and does not directly affect the risk of developing the condition. Therefore, obesity stands out as a primary risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes.