Which medication class is commonly linked to causing neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

The medication class commonly linked to causing neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is antipsychotics. NMS is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by severe muscle rigidity, fever, autonomic instability, and altered mental status. This syndrome is particularly associated with the use of typical antipsychotic medications due to their potent effects on dopamine receptors in the brain.

Antipsychotics work primarily by blocking dopamine D2 receptors, which can lead to increased muscle tone and decreased dopaminergic activity. This mechanism, while effective for managing symptoms of psychosis and other mental health disorders, increases the risk for developing NMS, especially when the medication is initiated or dosages are increased.

In contrast, other medication classes such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and stimulants are not typically associated with NMS. Thus, recognizing antipsychotics as the relevant class is critical for nursing practice and patient safety, especially when monitoring patients for adverse effects.