What symptom typically describes the damage caused by a 1st degree burn?

A first-degree burn is characterized by damage that primarily affects the outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. The symptoms associated with this type of burn include redness, minor swelling, and pain, but it does not involve deeper tissue damage that would be seen in more severe burns.

The correct option highlights that a first-degree burn triggers vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. Vasodilation occurs when blood vessels widen, which can increase blood flow to the area, causing the redness typically associated with such burns. Increased capillary permeability allows fluids from the blood to seep into surrounding tissue, contributing to swelling and the healing process. This physiological response is an essential part of the body's healing mechanisms as it helps bring immune cells to the site of injury and promotes recovery.

Understanding first-degree burns and their symptoms is fundamental in nursing practice, particularly when assessing and managing burn injuries. The other options presented pertain to more severe burn types or the outcomes related to deeper skin damage, which are not applicable to first-degree burns.