What potential effect does rubella have on an unborn child?

Rubella, also known as German measles, is particularly concerning during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects on the developing fetus. When a pregnant woman contracts rubella, especially in the first trimester, the virus can cross the placenta and infect the unborn child. This can lead to a range of serious congenital defects collectively known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS).

One of the most significant impacts of rubella infection during pregnancy is the increased risk of heart defects in the baby. These defects can manifest as various congenital heart conditions, such as patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis, and ventricular septal defects, among others. The timing of the infection plays a crucial role, with the highest risk of severe outcomes occurring during the first 12 weeks of gestation, when organ development is taking place.

While low birth weight, respiratory issues, and digestive problems can occur due to various reasons during pregnancy, they are not specifically linked to rubella in the same way that heart defects are recognized as a prominent risk. Therefore, the connection between rubella infection and heart defects makes this answer particularly relevant and highlights the importance of vaccination and prevention strategies for rubella in women of childbearing age.