What mood changes are associated with bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder is characterized by significant and extreme mood fluctuations, primarily between episodes of mania and depression. The manic phase is marked by heightened energy levels, euphoria, and often risky behavior, while the depressive phase can involve profound sadness, loss of interest, and fatigue. These contrasting periods are what define the disorder, leading to dramatic changes in mood and behavior that can impact a person's daily life and relationships. Understanding this cyclical nature of mood changes is crucial for diagnosis and effective management of bipolar disorder. Thus, the identification of extreme fluctuations between mania and depression accurately reflects the core symptoms of the condition.