What long-term complication is associated with hyperglycaemia?

Hyperglycaemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, can lead to a range of long-term complications, and neuropathy is one of the most significant ones. This condition arises primarily from prolonged periods of high blood sugar, which can damage the nerve fibers throughout the body. There are different types of neuropathy that can manifest, with peripheral neuropathy being the most common. Symptoms may include numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness, especially in the hands and feet.

The mechanism by which hyperglycaemia contributes to neuropathy involves several pathways, including oxidative stress and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, which can lead to nerve damage. Consequently, managing blood glucose levels is crucial in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetic neuropathy in individuals with diabetes and other conditions associated with hyperglycaemia.

The other options do not directly relate as long-term complications of hyperglycaemia in the same way that neuropathy does, making neuropathy a critical aspect for understanding the consequences of poorly managed blood sugar levels.