What is the primary bacteria responsible for meningococcal meningitis?

The primary bacteria responsible for meningococcal meningitis is Neisseria meningitidis. This bacterium is known for causing severe infections that lead to inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is a gram-negative diplococcus that is frequently found in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals but can invade the bloodstream and central nervous system, leading to serious complications.

Neisseria meningitidis has several serogroups, with A, B, C, W, and Y being the most common in causing meningococcal disease. Vaccination against certain serogroups has been implemented as a key strategy in preventing the spread of this infection. Understanding the pathogenicity and epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis is crucial in managing and treating meningococcal meningitis effectively.