What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome characterized by?

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition often associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms that can escalate rapidly, leading to significant health risks. The hallmark symptoms of NMS include a high fever, often exceeding 38-39 degrees Celsius (100.4-102.2 degrees Fahrenheit), severe muscle rigidity, autonomic dysregulation (which may include changes in pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory function), and altered mental status, which can range from confusion to coma.

Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment, as NMS can lead to complications such as rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and cardiovascular collapse if not addressed quickly. The acute onset and the specific combination of hyperthermia and rigidity distinguish NMS from other conditions, making it a critical syndrome for healthcare professionals to identify.

The other options describe clinical features that are not associated with NMS and reflect different medical issues or side effects that require separate consideration and management.