What is atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is specifically characterized by the thickening of the arterial walls due to the accumulation of plaque, which is made up of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this plaque build-up reduces the elasticity and diameter of the arteries, leading to narrowed pathways for blood flow. This condition can ultimately result in serious cardiovascular problems, such as heart attacks and strokes, due to restricted blood flow and potential blood clots that can form around the plaques.

Understanding atherosclerosis is crucial for recognizing its implications on overall cardiovascular health, as it directly contributes to other conditions like coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. The correct identification of atherosclerosis as the thickening of arteries due to plaque build-up highlights its primary pathological feature and distinguishes it from other vascular conditions that might involve inflammation or autoimmune responses, thereby providing a clear understanding of this significant health concern.