What is a sigmoid colectomy?

A sigmoid colectomy specifically involves the surgical removal of the sigmoid colon, which is the lower part of the large intestine located just before the rectum. This procedure is often performed to treat conditions such as diverticulitis, cancer, or severe inflammatory bowel disease affecting this segment of the bowel.

In this surgical intervention, only the section of the colon that is causing problems is removed, while the rest of the colon and the rectum remain intact. Understanding the anatomy of the digestive system is key to recognizing why this surgical procedure specifically targets the lower part of the bowel. The purpose and implications of a sigmoid colectomy highlight its importance in managing various gastrointestinal diseases effectively.