What is a primary cause of hyperkalaemia?

Hyperkalaemia, which is the condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood, is primarily caused by decreased renal excretion. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating potassium levels by filtering excess potassium from the blood and excreting it in urine. When renal function is impaired or when there is a reduction in renal blood flow, the kidneys may not effectively excrete potassium, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream.

In conditions such as acute or chronic kidney disease, renal failure, or certain medications that affect renal function, the body's ability to remove potassium is compromised, directly causing hyperkalaemia. This mechanism is vital for understanding how electrolyte imbalances can arise, especially in patients with existing renal issues.

Increased dietary potassium intake, excessive fluid loss, and increased exercise can impact potassium levels but are typically not the primary causes of hyperkalaemia. Dietary intake usually does not result in elevated potassium levels unless the kidneys are unable to excrete the excess. Fluid loss can lead to dehydration and possibly affect potassium concentration, but it does not inherently cause hyperkalaemia in the absence of renal impairment. Increased exercise can temporarily release more potassium into the bloodstream from muscle cells, but it typically does not lead to sustained high potassium levels unless