What is a key characteristic of emphysema?

Emphysema is primarily characterized by the gradual destruction of the air sacs, or alveoli, in the lungs. This destruction leads to the enlargement of the air spaces and a significant reduction in the surface area available for gas exchange. As the alveoli become damaged, they lose their elasticity, making it difficult for the lungs to expel air. This results in the classic symptoms of emphysema, such as chronic shortness of breath and a feeling of not being able to get enough air, especially during physical activity.

The condition is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants, particularly cigarette smoke, which leads to inflammatory processes and the subsequent breakdown of lung tissue. As the disease progresses, individuals may find it increasingly challenging to breathe, which may impact their quality of life significantly. Understanding this key characteristic is crucial for identifying and managing emphysema effectively in clinical settings.