What is a common risk associated with spinal anesthesia?

A common risk associated with spinal anesthesia is headache, specifically known as a post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). This type of headache occurs when the spinal needle inadvertently punctures the dura mater, leading to the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The decrease in CSF volume may result in reduced cushioning of the brain, causing pain that is often worsened in an upright position and may improve when lying down.

The mechanism of a PDPH is related to the loss of the protective barrier that the CSF provides. Patients may describe the headache as being throbbing or severe and it can last from a few days to a week or more if not treated. Management often includes hydration, caffeine, or, in more severe cases, an epidural blood patch to alleviate symptoms by restoring the CSF pressure.

Other risks associated with spinal anesthesia include nerve damage or infection at the injection site but are less commonly reported than headaches. Understanding these risks and the rationale behind them is crucial for nursing practice, particularly in providing pre- and post-procedural care and education to patients.