What is a common diagnostic method for confirming a pulmonary embolism?

A common diagnostic method for confirming a pulmonary embolism is pulmonary angiography. This procedure involves the injection of a contrast dye into the pulmonary arteries, followed by imaging to visualize the blood flow in these vessels. It is considered the gold standard in diagnosing pulmonary embolism because it allows for direct visualization of any clots obstructing blood flow.

Pulmonary angiography is particularly valuable because it can accurately identify the size and location of emboli, which is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment. It is often used when other imaging techniques, such as a CT scan, are inconclusive or when there is a need for intervention to manage a severe range of pulmonary embolism.

In contrast, while a chest X-ray can rule out other conditions, it is not sensitive or specific enough to confirm a pulmonary embolism. Blood tests, such as D-dimer assays, may help to rule out the condition in low-risk patients but are not definitive for diagnosis. CT scans, particularly CT pulmonary angiography, are useful and commonly used as well; however, pulmonary angiography remains the definitive method for diagnosis in certain contexts.