What defines hypernatremia?

Hypernatremia is defined as an elevated concentration of sodium in the blood. This condition occurs when sodium levels exceed the normal range, which is typically between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). When sodium levels rise above this normal threshold, it can lead to various physiological disturbances, including cellular dehydration, as water moves out of cells to balance the concentration gradient created by the excess sodium in the bloodstream.

The consequences of hypernatremia can affect bodily functions severely, resulting in symptoms such as confusion, muscle twitching, and in severe cases, neurological issues. Understanding what constitutes hypernatremia is essential for healthcare professionals, particularly in managing conditions where sodium balance may be disrupted, such as dehydration, kidney dysfunction, or hormonal imbalances. Recognizing hypernatremia allows for timely intervention, often through fluid replacement and careful monitoring of sodium levels to restore homeostasis and prevent complications.