What defines a total mastectomy?

A total mastectomy is defined by the complete removal of breast tissue, which includes not only the glandular tissue but also the nipple and areola. This surgical procedure is typically performed in cases where there is a significant risk of breast cancer or when cancer has been diagnosed and there is a need for extensive treatment.

The approach aims to eliminate as much breast tissue as possible as a way to minimize the risk of cancer recurrence. In contrast, procedures that involve only the removal of the tumor or a portion of the breast focus on conserving as much tissue as possible, which is not characteristic of a total mastectomy. Additionally, while reconstruction can be an option following a mastectomy, it is not a defining feature of the procedure itself. The key aspect that distinguishes a total mastectomy is the comprehensive removal of all breast tissue, highlighting the intent to address either cancer or a high risk of developing it effectively.