What condition does pyelonephritis refer to?

Pyelonephritis specifically refers to an infection that occurs in one or both kidneys. This condition is often a result of bacteria traveling from the lower urinary tract or spreading through the bloodstream to the kidneys. It typically causes inflammation and can lead to symptoms such as fever, chills, back pain, and urinary issues. Understanding pyelonephritis is crucial for nursing practice, as it requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications such as kidney damage or sepsis.

In contrast, kidney stones are solid particles that form in the kidneys, while kidney cysts are fluid-filled sacs that may or may not be symptomatic. Kidney failure indicates a significant decline in kidney function, which is a broader and more severe condition that can arise from multiple causes, including chronic pyelonephritis but is not synonymous with the infection itself. Recognizing the specific nature of pyelonephritis helps in providing appropriate care and interventions for patients presenting with symptoms associated with this condition.