What characterizes hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia is characterized by a deficiency of sodium in the blood. This condition occurs when the sodium level in the extracellular fluid is lower than normal, which can lead to various physiological effects. Sodium is a crucial electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. When sodium levels drop, it can result in symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, and in severe cases, can be life-threatening.

Understanding the importance of sodium in the body and how its levels affect overall health is essential for nursing practice, particularly in assessing and managing patients who may be at risk for electrolyte imbalances. Proper management of hyponatremia typically involves identifying the underlying cause and addressing it, which may include fluid restriction, electrolyte replacement, or treatment of the underlying condition contributing to the sodium deficiency.