What are the signs and symptoms of tetanus?

The signs and symptoms of tetanus are primarily characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms, which align with the correct choice. Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to severe muscular contractions. This condition often begins with stiffness of the jaw muscles, commonly referred to as "lockjaw," and can progress to other muscle groups, resulting in a characteristic rigidity throughout the body.

In addition to muscle rigidity, individuals with tetanus may experience painful spasms that can be triggered by stimuli such as sounds, light, or touch. This muscle rigidity can also lead to difficulty breathing in severe cases.

The other symptoms listed in the alternative choices, such as fever and chills, headache and dizziness, or swelling and redness, are not primary indicators of tetanus. While individuals with tetanus may experience general malaise or mild systemic symptoms, these are typically not the most prominent features of the disease. The hallmark signs of weakness and muscle rigidity are crucial for diagnosis and highlight the neurological impact of the tetanus toxin.