How is meningitis primarily transmitted between individuals?

The primary mode of transmission for meningitis, particularly meningococcal meningitis, does not typically involve the environment outside the body. Meningococcal bacteria can be present in the throat and nose of asymptomatic carriers, which means that while they can be transmitted through close contact with an infected individual, they do not survive for long outside of the human body. This significantly limits the means by which the bacteria can spread to others.

In contrast, other transmission methods mentioned in the alternatives, such as airborne particles or contaminated food and water, are less relevant. While respiratory droplet transmission can occur with certain forms of bacterial meningitis, the statement regarding the bacteria's survival aligns with the understanding that the main risk of transmission is during prolonged contact in enclosed spaces, rather than through common environmental routes or sharing hygiene items. Thus, the focus on the bacteria's survival characteristics accurately reflects the primary understanding of how meningitis spreads between individuals.