Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by what?

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary condition that is characterized by the development of numerous adenomatous polyps in the epithelium of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. Typically, individuals with FAP develop hundreds to thousands of these polyps, often starting in their teenage years or early adulthood. If left untreated, there is a nearly 100% risk of progression to colorectal cancer, usually by the age of 40.

The significant occurrence of bowel polyps is a hallmark of FAP, making it crucial for early detection and surveillance in affected families. These polyps are the initial manifestation of the disease and require regular monitoring and often prophylactic surgical intervention to manage the associated cancer risk effectively.

In contrast, options that suggest a low incidence of polyps, rapid weight loss, or normal bowel function do not align with the clinical presentation of FAP. Individuals with this condition experience a high burden of polyps and related complications, leading to altered bowel function and potential weight concerns due to the implications of undergoing treatment.